Delivery of people and goods

A highway led from the European part of the country to Asian Russia, which in Russia was called the Siberian, and in Siberia — the Moscow. The Moscow-Siberian highway was served by coachmen. Traffic on it was year-round: in summer and in winter there were carts. Bread, meat, and butter were exported from Siberia.

The first settlement of yamschikov (yam) in Siberia was established in 1601 in Tyumen. From the European part of the country, 50 coachmen were sent here, who were charged with the chase from Tyumen to Tobolsk and Turinsk. One of the most significant northern pits is Samarovsky, founded in the second half of the seventeenth century. The task of its population was to deliver goods from north to south and back. In 1667, the Samarovsky pit first appeared on a geographical map.

Yamskaya gonba (yamshchyna) was a difficult occupation for the male population. The coachmen carried people and goods in any weather, they also transported mail. Many coachmen died on the roads of Siberia — they froze, drowned or were killed by robbers. But good money was paid for this, and often peasants with good horses, after harvesting, left for Yamshchyna from autumn to spring. There was mutual assistance and mutual responsibility among the drivers.

In the twentieth century, due to the construction of the road and the establishment of bus service between settlements, the need for coachmen disappeared, and they themselves remained in family legends and ancient songs.

Tracts

The Great Siberian Highway went from the European part of the country to Siberia, which was also called the main Siberian postal Tract, the Great Tract, the Great Tract, the Moscow Tract, the Sovereign’s Road, and so on. Many settlements beyond the Urals appeared thanks to this road, others developed along with it, and others fell into disrepair.

There were many other roads adjacent to the main Siberian highway: local (zemstvo), postal, and trade routes. In the cold season, winter roads were opened, meat, fish, and furs were exported from the North.

There are many bitter memories of the tract associated with the staging of convicts, but still, it was the tract that gave a huge impetus to the development of Siberia. It allowed the regions of the European part of the Russian state to enter new trade routes in the Asian part up to China.

The development of transport routes, primarily railways, was of great importance for the growth of cities. The cities on the Trans-Siberian Railway developed most successfully, at the same time the ancient Siberian cities of Tobolsk, Surgut, and Berezov stopped in economic development.

Coachmen

The Yamskaya chase was one of the most difficult and most necessary activities. A significant part of the drivers lived in villages near the highways. Villages and Yamsky stations were arranged every 25 versts (this was called a "buckle"). In the old days, there were Yamsky toll villages near the village of the coachmen, who supplied them with bread and hay. The coachmen built houses, outbuildings, inns, which were considered their personal property, at government expense on the allotted plots.

The most difficult trade was the transportation of goods. Here the coachmen tried to pass the load on the relay to their own — it was called "rope" or "riding on friends". "Friends" were called relatives and friends. There was a lot of competition. Often there were quarrels and fights between the drivers for the right to drive the cargo (thereby earn money). The state did not interfere in the disassembly of the coachmen.

Passenger transportation was considered the easiest trade and was called riding "free." She earned a lot of money. Not only coachmen, but also some peasants earned money by riding "free".

The coachmen were engaged not only in racing, but also in handicrafts, made horse harnesses from leather, made sleds and carts.

The Yamskaya chase was a family affair. For example, in the village of Vilizhansky in the Tavdinsky parish of the Tyumen district, the families of Pelevin coachmen lived, in the village of Salairskaya — Nezgov and Kychanov, in the village of Bagandinskaya in the Bagandinsky parish (of the same county) — Kornoukhov coachmen.

Podchuvashsky transportation in Tobolsk at the beginning of the twentieth century

Two transports operated in Tobolsk — Abramovsky and Podchuvashinsky. The first operated in the area of the Abramovskaya pier, where people and goods were transported to the village of Bekerevka on the old Uvatsky tract, the second operated in the Podchuvashinsky suburb.

In the second half of the XIX century frequent scandals on transportation through the Irtysh in Podchuvashy, contract prices on the ferry growing from year to year and the exploitation of workers by the contractor forced the Tobolsk provincial administration to pay attention to the organization of transportation.

In 1894, the provincial government offered the city to take over the transportation itself, but the Tobolsk City Duma rejected this proposal. During the next two years of navigation, the ferry was maintained at the expense of the city treasury.

In 1896, three ferries were made at one of the shipbuilding plants in Tyumen, "just toys", but they turned out to be little suitable for movement along the Irtysh. Ferries had to be redone several times — to remove the sides, strengthen the bottom, fix the steering wheel, but they remained very heavy and poorly controlled. Two ferries were "on the move", the third was considered a reserve.

The full complement of workers on the ferry consisted of 24 people, including 20 labourers, two helmsmen, a headman over the artel and a coastal policeman to monitor the order.

The artel of carriers was divided into two parties of ten people per ferry. There were no shifts for the workers, when one ferry departed from the city shore, the other fell off from the opposite side.

Usually, each ferry had to make twenty ends a day, ten in one direction, ten in the other. There was no lunch break on the ferries. The workers sitting on the oars received 6 rubles 50 kopecks per month, the helmsmen — 8 rubles. The salary of the headman was 180 rubles per year. The artel watched the employees so that there would be no absenteeism. The elders practiced ruble fines, for example, for breaking oars.

In 1904, a new ferry appeared on the Podchuvashsky ferry. "Recently, a new ferry worth, they say, 600 rubles was delivered to the Podchuvashsky ferry by the Vardropper partnership in Tyumen," the Siberian Leaf newspaper wrote. — But this ferry is far inferior in its design and size to the existing ferries. The previous ferries, counting three, cost 400 rubles each, can accommodate up to 20 carts, the new one will hardly fit 10 carts."

In 1907, the ferry in Podchuvashi was replaced by a small steamer.

Tobolsk bus station

In the 1950s, the Tobolsk Bus Station was located on Yershova Street. In the 1960s, a new bus station was opened in a two-story brick building. On the ground floor there were ticket offices, a waiting room, a mother and child room, luggage storage, as well as the office of the head of the bus station and the control rooms. The second floor was occupied by a hotel for drivers from Tyumen.

The main routes of that time were: Tobolsk-Tyumen (but buses did not reach Tyumen, there was a transfer to Ievlevo), Tobolsk-Vagai, Tobolsk-Uvat, Tobolsk-the village of Demyanskoye. There was another direction Tobolsk-Kurya, but buses ran to Kurya only under good weather conditions. The road to Tyumen started from the left bank. There was a ferry crossing in Podchuvashy.

In the 1970s, the bus station was located on Lenin Street, near the ferry crossing. The long one-storey building of the bus station had two halls for passengers, a storage room, a mother and child room and a buffet. The bus station building housed an agency for the pre-sale of tickets. In addition to its main activity, the bus station provided temporary accommodation services (the cost of a bed was 70 kopecks). There were a lot of passengers. Both halls of the bus station were always filled with people. The departure of the buses was tied to the movement of the ferry.

There was a Zarechnaya bus station on the left bank. It was a trailer, which was heated by an iron stove, was equipped with a speakerphone for announcing landings, a walkie-talkie for communication with the control room of the PATP. A dispatcher and a cashier worked in the shift, who transmitted reports and revenue to the bus station dispatcher. A wooden building was used for boarding controllers and drivers. In winter, the Tobolsk-Bizino ice crossing was opened, so the flights of the Zarechnaya AC were operated from the bus station. With the opening of the automobile bridge over the river. Irtysh in 1991, the Zarechnaya NPP was liquidated.

In 1998, the old bus station on Lenin Street was abandoned. The new bus station for the convenience of passengers is located in the 6th microdistrict, on Mendeleev Avenue. Currently, the Tobolsk Bus Station is a modern building with a spacious waiting room, storage rooms, a recreation room, a cafe and a mother and child room.

In 2023, there were 17 suburban routes, 11 suburban routes, 8 intercity routes and one international route.