Forestry enterprises

During the war, woodworking and forestry industries were preserved and developed. After the war, the forestry industry was faced with the task of producing wood in even greater volumes to restore the destroyed national economy. But during the war years, the supply of forest around the outskirts of Tobolsk ran out. Therefore, it was decided to open new forest sites on the right bank of the Irtysh. Thus, in 1949, a forest point was formed in Nadtsy. In 1951, the construction of the village of Nadtsy began. The influx of the population turned out to be very large — these were special settlers, planned recruits from Ukraine, Belarus and Moldova, and just young people from the nearest collective farms.

May 12, 1947 is a special day in the history of forestry of the Soviet period. According to the order of the Minister of Forest Industry and the Minister of Forestry, forest protection, reforestation and forest management were allocated to an independent branch of the national economy. On August 30, 1947, the regulations on forestry were published.

The forestry industry was one of the leading branches of the national economy of the Tyumen region in the late 1950s and early 1960s. However, logging and timber processing enterprises were located unevenly. They were located along the large rivers Ob, Irtysh, Konda. Huge woodlands remained untouched. The development of the forestry industry at that time involved the transfer of some enterprises from the European part of the country to Siberia, the construction of the Ivdel-Ob and Tavda-Sotnik railways.

According to the plan, in the early 1960s the Pioneer, Komsomol, Soviet, Zelenoborsky forestry enterprises were formed. The construction of the Tyumen-Sotnik railway has begun. The appearance of forestry enterprises was accompanied by the supply of new equipment.

By the mid-1980s, the timber industry of the Tyumen region had turned into a multidisciplinary industrial complex that combined procurement and woodworking enterprises. In addition to harvesting and exporting business timber, the timber industry provided the production of lumber and wooden houses.

Transportation of timber by river has been the simplest means of delivering timber. Along the Ob, Irtysh, Ture and Tobol, the forest was floated to the north. In the Soviet Union, timber rafting was also widespread, which was facilitated by the fact that all major logging was carried out in remote northern and eastern regions rich in deep rivers, and it was more convenient to use waterways to deliver logs to timber processing enterprises.

In the 1960s and 1970s, for the first time, there was active talk about polluting reservoirs with wood pulp. Rafting logs along rivers pollutes water, both physically and chemically. Sunken wood changes the composition of water, oxygen content decreases and harmful substances such as phenol and mercaptans are released. Fish leave reservoirs with a "wooden" bottom.

In Russia, the consequences of logging in the XIX-XX centuries was that millions of rubles still rest on the bottom of rivers, and pine travelers after decades accidentally end up off the coasts of Greenland and Iceland.

Tobolsk Forestry was established by order of the Ministry of Forestry on May 12, 1947. It included 6 forest districts: Tobolsk, Karachin, Nizhne-Aremzyanskoye, Noskinskoye, Irtysh, Baykalovskoye. In turn, they were divided into 11 detours and 55 smaller detours. The first director of the Tobolsk forestry was I.V. Smekhov, the senior forester was F.A. Yugrinov. Since 1955, the forestry was headed by the Honored forester of the RSFSR V.S. Goncharov.

The total area of the forestry on January 1, 1955 was 1370,415 hectares. The forests of the Tobolsk Region are part of the southern taiga. The largest forests are located in the eastern and southern parts of the Tobolsk district, on the highways along the floodplains of the Irtysh and Tobol.

In 1959, the forestry enterprises were merged with the forestry enterprises into single farms, retaining the forestry and the state forest protection service in them.

On March 10, 1960, the Tobolsk forestry was transferred to the Tobolsk Timber industry "Tyumenles" and the Department of national economy was created as part of the forestry department. Now the foresters were forced to cut down the forest, process the wood, and last of all, to restore the forests. As a result, the plan for 1953 was not fulfilled. For example, the sowing of forests: 800 hectares are planned, and 612 have been completed. As a result, the system did not justify itself and was eliminated. The resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR of October 13, 1965 gave forestry enterprises more independence.

On September 21, 1969, Tobolsk forestry was renamed mechanized. It was not only a matter of changing the name, but the function of this institution changed when logging came back to the first place. The total annual volume of timber harvesting amounted to 434 thousand cubic meters, including 141 thousand cubic meters of coniferous wood. The Tobolsk mekhleskhoz harvested a sawmill, a mine rack, a plywood ridge, a sleeper ridge and a construction log. In the summer, 400−500 people were additionally attracted to plant forests. They were mostly school students.

In 1986, Vasily Ivanovich Prokutin was appointed director of the forestry enterprise. Under him, the mekhleskhoz was reorganized into a forestry enterprise. Since 1992, the Tobolsk Forestry has no longer been actively engaged in harvesting activities, but has concentrated its efforts on forest protection and forest restoration. To restore the forest, 5 nurseries were created on the basis of Karachinsky, Tobolsk, Baikal, and Irtysh. In 2000, the total cost of forestry amounted to 6 million 100 thousand rubles, including 725 thousand rubles received from the federal budget.

As of January 1, 2022, the total area of the Tobolsk forestry was 1536,804.3 hectares. It consisted of eight local forestry districts: Baykalovskoye, Karachinskoye, Nizhne-Aremzyanskoye, Noskinskoye, Irtyshskoye, Tobolsk, Yangutumskoye, Tobolsk rural.

The Soviet forestry enterprise, the largest logging enterprise on the Ivdel-Ob railway, appeared in 1962. A group of experienced personnel from Zavodoukovsky forestry was sent to the new forestry enterprise. In the first year of its existence, a small team of 240 people exceeded the plan. 223.2 thousand cubic meters of wood were harvested and exported, with a plan of 220 thousand cubic meters. Wood harvesting in those years was carried out with chainsaws "Druzhba", cutting branches with axes, bucking forests on the simplest overpasses, electric saws.

1975 was the year of the highest flourishing of the Soviet forestry enterprise, whose team harvested and exported 880 thousand cubic meters of forest. Logging was carried out by enlarged logging brigades, enlarged brigades are being created in the lower warehouses, wood cutting is carried out in a three-shift mode of operation, road trains were introduced for the first time in the forestry industry.

In 1977, the Soviet Sawmill and Woodworking Plant (LDK) was put into operation. The design capacity is 145 thousand cubic meters of lumber and 11 thousand cubic meters of chipboard per year. Throughout its history, the Soviet Timber Industry Combine, when summing up the results in the socialist competition for achievements in the forestry industry, has won prizes, diplomas and awards.

With the transition to market relations at the combine, as in the entire logging industry of the country, a sharp decline in production begins. The reason for the reduction in the volume of logging and woodworking was a common condition for all enterprises of the forest industry — a state of imbalance, instability, rupture of production links between enterprises and suppliers, deterioration of logistics, rising railway tariffs and prices for raw materials, energy carriers, lack of proper management system at the federal and territorial levels.

Nadtsynsky forestry farm grew together with the region. Almost at the same time as the formation of the Tyumen region, the history of the Nadtsynsky forest point begins.

At a difficult time, the birth of a forestry enterprise began. During the war, the company was engaged in harvesting wood, supplied timber for the needs of the national economy, including for the execution of a special order: the manufacture of a rifle blank, butts for a Degtyarev hand machine gun, butts for machine guns, a barrel lining, a ski blank, raw materials for the production of an aviafanera. The front was in particular need of special containers for shells, cartridges, and grenades. And all this was done by people in the most difficult conditions of manual labor, with the help of an axe and a saw.

Everything was going according to plan. After the war, it was necessary to restore the destroyed national economy. A lot of wood was needed. Therefore, in 1949, a forest point was formed in Nadtsy, which later became an integral part of the Tobolskles association. The woodworking industry is also developing along with the entire region. New specialized tractors, a shift method and a multi-shift mode are being introduced into production at all phases of the production process.

Starting from the moment of the organization of the forestry enterprise, along with the capital construction plan, a plan for the harvesting, export and shipment of wood is established for it. Over time, all production workshops started working. Work orders were brought to each workshop, and an analysis of production and economic activities was carried out monthly.

Gradually, the forestry enterprise introduced whiplash removal and large-batch loading of wood onto logging vehicles. As a result of the transition to new technologies for harvesting, exporting and processing wood, the Nadtsynsky LPH significantly exceeded the logging plan.

In the 1950s, the construction of the settlement was carried out at a rapid pace. Construction crews from Central Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, and Belarus rebuilt entire streets. Workers began to move from barracks to new apartments, cultural and industrial buildings were built: a boiler room, shops, a canteen, a kindergarten-nursery "Herringbone", KBO, a bakery, a new standard secondary school building, a district hospital with 50 beds was opened, a new club was built. Special settlers, repressed, recruited (planned) from different parts of our country came to work.

From year to year, the forestry station was replenished with new equipment. TL-3 skidding winches, K-5 electric saws, high-quality PES-40 power plants, K-32 full-turn cranes, bulldozers and graders were put into service. In 1958, skidding in whips with a crown gave an annual effect of about 80 thousand rubles.

Since 1963, Sergey Mikhailovich Zaiko-Spiridonov headed the forest center. He was not only a good organizer of production, but also did a lot to improve the social and living conditions of loggers and their families. The team under his leadership worked clearly and harmoniously, constantly exceeded planned tasks, and director Zaiko-Spiridonov was awarded the Order of Lenin in 1966, and a year later became a Hero of Socialist Labor.

During the years of the 11th five-year plan, the forestry station was replenished with a new generation of equipment, MAZ and KrAZ logging trucks have already become familiar in their work. But no matter how many forests there are, it still ends sometime. So the taiga "moved away" from the Wells far away, the forest station fulfilled its functions, and it was gone… But the village of Nadtsy remained, and a municipal rural settlement was formed.

Source: Albina Cherkashina. When taiga was close // Soviet Siberia. 2019. № 34

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