Children's and youth organizations

Komsomol and Pioneer

On August 22, 1919, at a meeting of the youth of Tyumen, an entry into the membership of the RKSM was announced. This date became the day of the creation of the Tyumen Komsomol. The first unions were created in Ishim, Surgut, Tobolsk, Tyumen and Yalutorovsk. Village Komsomol organizations first arose with cultural slogans, then Komsomol members actively joined in collective farm construction, the organization of reading rooms and libraries.

The history of the Tyumen Komsomol is the story of thousands of people united by one goal. In April 1920, Danila Solovyov became the first secretary of the Komsomol cell of the village of Solonovka in the Omutinsky district. In 1935, Anisya Sheveleva mastered the profession of a tractor driver and replaced Komsomol member Vasily Nadein, who had joined the Red Army. Andrey Seburov, a young hunter of the Tugiyanovsky collective farm in the Berezovsky district, handed over 487 rubles worth of valuable furs in the 4th quarter of 1942.

The Tyumen Komsomol Organization has made a great contribution to the development of the region. This is evidenced by the West Siberian oil and gas complex, new cities, roads — All-Union shock construction sites that appeared at one time on the territory of the Tyumen region. The years spent in the Komsomol have remained in the hearts and memories of many people.

Pioneer organizations were created in Siberia under the leadership of the Komsomol. The first pioneer detachment in Siberia appeared in August 1922 at the Omsk Cloth factory. At the end of the year, the first pioneer detachments appeared in Irkutsk and Tomsk. At the same time, the first detachments of young pioneers appeared in the workers' settlements. In the Tyumen region, pioneer detachments began to be created in 1923. August 1, 1923 is considered the birthday of the Tyumen Pioneer Organization.

In the 1920s, the pioneers paid great attention to practical work at school, first of all, the elimination of illiteracy. In 1927−1928, the pioneer organization worked under the slogan "It is impossible for a homeless person to live — a pioneer must help him." The pioneers registered street children, participated in the equipment of orphanages and foster homes, collected clothes and food. The work in the village was especially important. There were few pioneer detachments in the villages, and parents hardly let their children go. The pioneers campaigned in village families, staged plays, staged demonstrations, published wall newspapers, etc. The creation of the first pioneer camps in the region dates back to this time.

In the 1920s and 1930s, circle work appeared in pioneer organizations, pioneers worked in workshops, cultivated squad gardens, and helped rural workers. They organized special excursions to factories and factories to learn about production, to collective farms in order to get acquainted with rural labor. Pioneers played an important role in the creation of libraries in rural clubs. Urban children sent books and textbooks to rural schoolchildren. They went to villages with amateur concerts, helped to harvest crops.

During the war, the pioneers worked on an equal basis with adults in factories and factories, on collective farms, helped families of veterans, collected scrap metal.

In the post-war period, the pioneers helped rebuild the country, worked on construction sites, in the fields, went hiking to places of military glory, created school museums. The life of the pioneers was full of events: hiking, tree planting, pioneer bonfires, songs, sports competitions, etc.

On September 27−28, 1991, after the ban of the CPSU, the XXII extraordinary Congress of the Komsomol was held, where the dissolution of the Komsomol organization was announced. Together with it, the All-Union Pioneer Organization ceased to exist. Many former pioneers still remember their pioneer years with nostalgia.

Комсомол

Комсомол — это порождение коммунистической идеи. Российский комсомол — это была первая в мире молодежная организация, открыто назвавшая себя коммунистической, ставшая предтечей международного молодежного коммунистического движения, представлявшего значительную часть организованного юношества в различных частях планеты. Роль комсомола в истории советского общества заключается в том, что наряду с коммунистической партией и советской властью он был одним из тех столпов, на которых держался Советский Союз. Но надо отчетливо понимать, что источником его силы, как и всех остальных институтов советского общества и государства, была коммунистическая идея. Когда большинство населения, и прежде всего молодежь, разочаровалось или засомневалось в коммунизме, развалилась КПСС, рухнула советская власть, самораспустился комсомол, а вместе с ними закономерно распался и Союз Советских Социалистических Республик.

Ордена комсомола

— 1928 год — за беспримерный героизм в годы Гражданской войны и иностранной интервенции — орден Красного Знамени;
— 1931 год — за инициативу, проявленную в деле ударничества и социалистического соревнования в годы первой пятилетки — орден Трудового Красного Знамени;
— 1945 год — за выдающиеся заслуги перед Родиной в годы Великой Отечественной войны — орден Ленина;
— 1948 год — за выдающиеся заслуги перед Родиной в деле коммунистического воспитания советской молодежи, активное участие в социалистическом строительстве и в связи с 30-летием со дня основания ВЛКСМ — орден Ленина;
— 1956 год — за большие заслуги комсомольцев и советской молодежи в социалистическом строительстве и успешном освоении целинных и залежных земель — орден Ленина;
— 1968 год — за выдающиеся заслуги и большой вклад в становление и укрепление советской власти, мужество и героизм, проявленные в боях с врагами Родины, активное участие в социалистическом строительстве, за плодотворную работу по воспитанию подрастающих поколений и в связи с 50-летием ВЛКСМ — орден Октябрьской Революции.

Pavlik Morozov

The set of postcards "Pioneers-heroes" in 1965 says the following about him: "Pavlik Morozov. He was the chairman of the pioneer detachment in the Ural village of Gerasimovka. He actively helped to strengthen the collective farm system. The courageous pioneer was not afraid to reveal the wrecking activities of his father and the kulaks of the village. The enemies brutally dealt with him. On September 3, 1932, Pavlik Morozov was killed. His name was the first to be listed in the Book of Honor of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after Vladimir Ilyich Lenin."

The tragedy in Gerasimovka
(from the book by Valery Ermolaev "Tavdinsky place")

On September 3, 1932, the Morozov brothers, thirteen-year-old Pavel and eight-year-old Fedya, left Gerasimovka for cranberries in the swamp and did not return by nightfall. On the third day, they were found murdered in the forest, not far from the northern outskirts of the village. Further events unfolded rapidly and unpredictably. Nine suspects are being arrested, six of whom are the next of kin of the victims. The case is becoming more and more famous, and soon the whole country was following the trial of the murderers, which took place in November in Tavda. Of the five remaining defendants by that time, one — Uncle Arseny Silin — was acquitted, and grandfather Sergei Moroz and cousin Danila, who killed the children, along with accomplices grandmother Ksenia and uncle Arseny Kulukanov, were sentenced to death.

It has been long time ago. The attitude of our contemporaries to the events that took place in a remote trans-Ural village during the years of the "great turning point" is far from unambiguous. The skillful Stalinist myth-makers did a good job creating the image of the Soviet pioneer number one. Ships sailed on seas and rivers with the name of the "Ural eaglet", palaces and children’s recreation camps rang with children’s voices. Operas were composed and paintings were painted about him, monuments were erected to him in towns and villages. The great director Sergei Eisenstein, based on the story of Pavlik Morozov, makes the film "Bezhin Meadow". The whole country heard the words of M. Gorky: "Relatives by blood, enemies by class, killed Pavel Morozov, but the memory of him must not disappear," this little hero deserves a monument." He was echoed by the famous Demyan Bedny: "As a child, I dreamed of becoming a horse thief. But Pavlik dreamed of pioneering, of socialism. They used to invent heroes… We don’t have to make it up… Here he is a living hero — the young Leninist Pavlik Morozov."

Memories of Pavlik Morozov

Let’s listen to the testimonies of those people who witnessed the sensational events, who knew Pavlik firsthand.

Agafya Alexandrovna Fokina, great-aunt: "Trofim and Tatiana lived poorly… Tatiana gave birth to four sons, but what was her life like… Trofim was a quiet, calm man… When he became chairman again, he was forced to take the last cow and the last bread from people. He will come to the house, and they will give him water, and he will not take the cow. And tomorrow it’s coming again."

Marina Ustinovna Vyrigina, a fellow student: "After my father left the family, the Morozovs lived very poorly. Everything fell on Pavka’s shoulders. Maybe that’s why he was independent, he knew his worth. He was drawn to another life, to study. I was sitting at the same desk with him at one time. He loved to help the teacher in everything, especially if there was a plot against the rich in the village… When they killed him and Fedya, they said all sorts of things, but they felt sorry and cried more."

Alexey Trofimovich Morozov, the younger brother, a man with a dramatic and interesting fate: "I was two years younger than Pasha… Then everything was overshadowed by grief, misfortune that fell on our heads, and utter beggary. What a tie-breaker there is, as the newspapers wrote! They barely found clean underwear, a white undershirt to change the deceased’s clothes."

Kuzma Silin, the son of Arseny Silin, acquitted in court: "Pavlik Morozov and I are cousins, relatives. We lived across the street from them. But I wouldn’t take the liberty of judging what happened… But there are people who are still worried about the Gerasimov tragedy, who still want to figure out what happened."

The pioneers of the 1920s

The idea of creating a pioneer organization belonged to N. K. Krupskaya. She suggested that the Komsomol adopt scouting methods and create a children’s organization, "scouting in form and communist in content." At the beginning of 1922, I. Zhukov proposed the name "pioneers" for the new organization. The word "pioneer" meant the first, the foremost, going ahead, paving the way for others.

At the V Congress of the Komsomol, the Laws and customs of young pioneers, the Solemn Promise, and the Regulations on the pioneer organization are adopted.

The resolution of the Organizational Bureau of the Central Committee of the Russian Communist Party (b) dated August 4, 1924 "On the pioneer movement" indicated that the main task of the pioneer movement was to be a school of communist education.

The symbols of the pioneer organization were borrowed from the modified scout organization: a red tie (instead of green); a white blouse (instead of green); the scout motto "Be ready!" and the scout response to it "Always ready!"; elements of symbolism (for example, three petals of the lily of the scout badge in the pioneer badge three tongues of fire flame; three the end of the pioneer tie began to mean three generations: pioneers, Komsomol members, Communists).

From scouting in the pioneer organization, the following have been preserved: play forms of educational work with children; the organization of children in squads, squads; the institute of counselors; campfire gatherings.

On May 19, 1922, the second All-Russian Komsomol Conference decided to establish pioneer detachments everywhere. This day became the birthday of the pioneer. Thus, in 1922, the first pioneer detachments appeared in a number of towns and villages. Pioneer organizations in schools began to be created in 1923 under the name of "outposts". And already in 1929, there were pioneer organizations based on the school principle: class-squad, school — squad.

Until 1924, the pioneer movement was named after Spartacus, and after Lenin’s death it received his name.

The pioneer organization can be called a school of political activism. The pioneers helped adults build a new, fair and happy life. The All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V.I. Lenin was the most popular children’s organization in the USSR. The leadership of the pioneer organization was carried out by the Central Committee of the Komsomol.

More than one generation of children passed through the pioneer organization. The ability to be friends and help each other, the ability to work and fulfill their duty to the team, the ability to love the Motherland — all these qualities Soviet people absorbed from the pioneer organization.