МТС, трактористы и комбайнеры

Mechanization of peasant labor. Machine and tractor stations

The transition to collective farming was determined by the introduction of modern technology into the lives of peasants. Peasant farms were poorly provided with tools. For example, in 1924 in Western Siberia, there were 40 plows, 9 sorting machines, 6−7 threshing machines, 5 harvesters, 2 seeders, 2 harrows per 100 farms. The vast majority of peasants sowed by hand, stung bread with a sickle and threshed with flails.

In June 1929, the Council of Labor and Defense adopted a resolution on the widespread creation of machine and tractor stations (MTS). To implement this, it was considered necessary to organize a joint-stock company under the name "All-Union Center of Machine and tractor stations" ("Tractor Center"). On September 10, 1930, the management of all existing MTS was transferred to the Tractor Center. The nature of the relationship between MTS and collective farms was determined by the resolution of the USSR Council of People’s Commissars of February 5, 1933 "On the approximate contract of machine and tractor stations with collective farms". In 1933 17 thousand party workers were sent to work in the MTS political department.

Agreements were concluded between the collective farms and MTS. MTS assumed the responsibilities of servicing collective farms with machinery, for which the collective farms were obliged to pay them with grain and money. In addition, the board of collective farms sent workers to service tractor crews, prepared sites for work, and ensured the protection of MTS.

In the post-war years, the role of machine and tractor stations in agriculture increased markedly. The state sent tractors, combines, trailed agricultural equipment and spare parts to MTS. For example, in 1954−1958, MTS of the Tyumen region received about 7 thousand tractors and combines. At that time, 120 thousand specialists were sent to collective farms, state farms and MTS, most of whom had higher or secondary specialized education. Almost all field work was carried out by machine and tractor stations. In 1955, there were 724 MTS in Western Siberia.

There is an opinion at the government level that MTS does not guarantee the quality of work, disrupts the fulfillment of its obligations, and collective farms need their own equipment. In 1958, machine and tractor stations were reorganized in the country, and the equipment was sold to collective farms.

In February 1964 The Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU decided to intensify agriculture (mechanization and chemicalization, the use of fertilizers, increased capital investment and irrigation), which was initiated by N.S. Khrushchev and approved by the Soviet government. In 1965−1975, 20 750 tractors, 10 650 combines, dozens of types of agricultural machinery were supplied to the village.

The equipment continued to arrive in the following years. However, this technique was often used inefficiently on collective farms. Seasonal production per combine in 1981−1985 decreased from 140 to 132 hectares. Great attention was paid to the supply of energy-intensive tractors T-130, K-700 and K-701 to collective farms. But often such powerful tractors worked at half strength, deforming the soil in the fields, increasing its density, and eventually reducing the yield. In the 1990s, collective farms and state farms were simplified, livestock and equipment were distributed to citizens.

The Perepelitsa Dynasty

A person’s life continues in his affairs and his children. So in the family of Perepelitsa, Sergey Anatolyevich and his son continued the dynasty of farmers in the Abatsky district. Anatoly Vasilyevich Perepelitsa became the founder of the Luch agricultural complex in the Abatsky district in 1989. The agricultural cooperative "Luch" operates according to the classical scheme: its own crop production and animal husbandry.

Anatoly Vasilyevich Perepelitsa was born on January 29, 1938 in the village of Golovinka in the Strunkinsky village council of the Sladkovsky district of the Tyumen region. He graduated from the Tyumen Agricultural Institute. Work experience since 15 years: worker, tractor driver, chauffeur. In 1985, he was elected the first secretary of the Vagai district committee. Two years later, he was transferred to the first secretary of the Abatsky district committee. In January 1989, he created the Luch family agricultural cooperative. It is important for Anatoly Vasilyevich to transfer his business into reliable hands so that it develops further. And it is gratifying that there was no such problem in the family of Perepelitsa. His son Sergey, a graduate of the Tyumen Agricultural Institute, a highly qualified specialist, who inherited the Luch agricultural Complex, has been with him all these years.

Sergey Anatolyevich Perepelitsa was born in 1966. After completing his first year of study at the Tyumen Agricultural Institute, he was called up to serve in the Soviet Army, in 1984 he served in the group of Soviet troops in Germany. After demobilization, he continued his studies at the institute and graduated in 1989. Returning to Abatskoye, Sergey Anatolyevich helped his father, worked on a tractor and combine (sowed, harvested), worked on a livestock farm.

Gorozheeva (Perepelitsa) Natalia Anatolyevna, Sergey Anatolyevich’s sister, graduated from the Tyumen Agricultural Institute, received a diploma in economics and agricultural production organizer. She got married, gave birth to a son and came to Abatskoye at the time of the formation of the Luch Agricultural Complex, where she worked as an accountant for 6 years. Currently, Natalia Anatolyevna and her family live in Tyumen.

From 1998 to the present, Olga Nikolaevna Perepelitsa, Sergey Anatolyevich’s wife, has been working as an accountant at the Luch Agricultural Complex.

Anatoly Perepelitsa, the son of Sergei Anatolyevich, after graduating from the GAU of the Northern Trans-Urals, Tyumen, in 2015, decided to choose a working and interesting job, according to him, the profession of an agronomist. At the age of 15, the young man began to show interest in agriculture. Anatoly’s mentors were not only good teachers at the university, but also his family. My father will always help and tell me, give me good advice.

Careful and careful treatment of animals, good conditions for their maintenance and a varied diet, improvement of the herd — all this leads to the expansion of dairy production and an increase in the productivity of goods. The livestock breeders of the farm work diligently and conscientiously. In 2015, a grain sorting complex was launched: the seeds are mostly their own, only corn and the seed material that loses its varietal qualities are being updated.

Source: Nikita Fedoseev. The agrarian dynasty of the Perepelitsa family

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Machine and tractor stations

Machine and tractor stations (MTS) are large state—owned agricultural enterprises, the technical base of collective farms and one of the levers of state management of collective farm production. The first MTS was formed in 1928 in the Berezovsky district of the Odessa district on the basis of a tractor column of the state farm named after T. G. Shevchenko. In 1932, MTS was transformed into state-owned enterprises, and the leadership of MTS was transferred to the People’s Commissariat of the USSR. Since the second half of the 1930s, MTS has served the vast majority of collective farms in the USSR. They were located mainly in the agricultural areas of the center, south and southeast of the country. In 1958, the USSR leadership decided to sell agricultural machinery to collective farms and transform part of MTS into repair and technical stations, which led to the actual liquidation of MTS.