In the "Explanatory Dictionary of the living Great Russian language" by V.I. Dahl, such a concept of this word is given:

"A yard is a place under a residential house, a hut, with well-groomed and fenced; a space between the buildings of one farm; in villages a house, a hut, smoke, a burden, a family with their own housing."

The peasant’s yard is the basis of household land ownership. The "General Regulation on peasants who came out of serfdom" of 1861 granted the right to move from communal land ownership to farmstead by the decision of two thirds of the householders. For the first time, mass information about the ratio of household and communal land holdings in the Russian Empire was collected during the 1905 land census.

The sovereign’s tithe arable land is state-owned arable land, which was cultivated by the sovereign’s arable peasants. It was distributed mainly in Siberia, Pomerania, as well as in the southern regions of Russia and on the palace lands in the XVII century.

In official documents, Siberia was referred to as the "sovereign patrimony". In Western Siberia, the sovereign’s tithe arable land was located near towns and villages, in Eastern Siberia it was located next to a peasant’s plot of land. Researchers explain the concept of "tithing" by the fact that peasants paid 1/10 of the extracted animals to the treasury, the "tenth money" from trades and crafts. The ratio of the sovereign’s tithe arable land to the actual peasant economy was correlated as 1:4 or 1:6. Peasants cultivating the sovereign’s tithe land were called arable.

Allotment is a plot of land that a peasant received from a landowner or from the state.

The Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary defines the word "allotment" as follows: "Allotment is a piece of land that was provided by its owner (landowner, state) to a peasant for use for performing various duties, and with communal land use was assigned to a peasant’s yard for a certain period of time."

After the abolition of serfdom, a special system of land ownership developed in Russia, in which rural communities or peasant households were endowed with land on the terms of redemption. Two forms of allotments corresponded to this — communal and household. In the household system, allotments remained unchanged, in the communal system they were periodically redone. At the birth of a male child from a communal land in a peasant family, an allotment is given to him. This rule did not apply to newborn girls, since in this case a piece of land could be given to her as a dowry.

The sizes of allotments were different. The former landowner peasants had two times less land per yard than the state. All this led to the fact that the land ended up in the hands of well-to-do peasants, and most suffered from lack of land.

Land area is land that is systematically used or suitable for use for certain economic purposes and differs in its natural and historical characteristics. Land is divided into various categories, primarily agricultural and non-agricultural.

Agricultural land is land that is systematically used to produce agricultural products.

Arable land is land with the most fertile soils that are systematically cultivated and used for crops, including crops of perennial grasses and clean pairs.

Hayfields are agricultural lands that are systematically used for mowing. Hayfields can be flooded, dry, swampy, radically improved, clean, overgrown and forested to varying degrees.

Pastures are lands systematically used for grazing animals, as well as land plots suitable for grazing livestock, not used for haymaking and not being a deposit. There are dry pastures, swampy, radically improved, cultivated, for distilling livestock, watered, quarried, overgrown, forested to varying degrees, downed.

Deposits are land plots that were previously used for arable land and then for more than a year, starting in autumn, are not used for sowing crops and are not prepared for steam.

Perennial plantings are agricultural lands used under artificially created woody, shrubby (without forest area) or herbaceous perennial plants intended for harvesting fruit and berry crops, technically or medicinal products. As part of perennial plantations, there are gardens, vineyards, berry fields, fruit nurseries, plantations (mulberry, tea, essential oil, floral, etc.).

Non-agricultural lands are divided into forest areas, tree and shrub plantations occupied by buildings, located under roads and under water.

The oldest way of life was preserved in the peasant community the longest. The communal structure determined peasant life in the chernozem and southern provinces of Russia. The community responded to peasant ideas of justice. It honestly divided the land (according to the number of male souls in the family), regularly arranged repartitions so that the best or worst plots were not owned by the same people. The community took care of widows and orphans, and helped the infirm.

On the other hand, the community hindered the development of the village. Constant redistricting made it impossible to make plans (who would take care of the land, fertilize it if the site was taken away in a year), population growth forced no smaller plots to split the land, land cultivation was difficult. The ways of working on the land and the tools of labor did not change: the plough, the scythe and the sickle. Labor productivity was very low. The harvest depended on the vagaries of the weather.

In the European part of the country, there was less and less free land every year. This became one of the main reasons for the peasant migration to Siberia.

Segments are lands taken away (cut off) by landlords from peasants when drawing up charters according to the Regulations of February 19, 1861. The reduction of peasant allotments was carried out if the allotment exceeded the highest (specified) norm. Later, the landlords leased the same land to the peasants on bonded terms.

A cut is a land plot allocated from communal peasant land as a result of the Stolypin agrarian reform. The cut differed from the farm in that the estate was not transferred.

In documents of the XV-XVII centuries, definitions were used to designate peasant lands and lands: howl, chet, osmina, tretnik.

The old word "howl" meant a plot, a share. In the XVII century in Russia, howling was a land measure that was equal to five tithes, or 10 quarters of the land. In the broadest sense of the word, this was how a share or a piece of land was designated, sometimes a river bank or a lake with land.

A chet (quarter) is the size of arable land in Russia, which was equal to ½ tithe. The name has been known since the end of the XV century and was officially used until 1766.

The osmina is an ancient Russian unit of change in the volume of bulk materials and area. One osmina was equal to half of the four.

Tretnik is an ancient Russian unit of area measurement. The tretnik was equal to the third part of the even or 1/6 of the tithe. A half—meter is a measure of an area equal to 1/12 of a tithe or 200 square fathoms.

Tithe is an old Russian unit of area. Several different tithe sizes were used. When describing land plots, the term "state tithe" was most often used. The state tithe was equal to 2,400 square fathoms (in the metric system it is 1.09 hectares).